Oolong tea is a semi-fermented tea primarily produced in Fujian, China, and is generally categorized into Minbei (Northern Fujian) Oolong and Minnan (Southern Fujian) Oolong. Minbei Oolong is best represented by Wuyi Rock Tea, with notable varieties including Minbei Shuixian, Rougui, Qilan, and Foshou. It is characterized by a heavier fermentation process and a dark, lustrous appearance.
Minbei Oolong tea is anchored by Wuyi Rock Tea, with Da Hong Pao and Rougui being the most famous. Other primary varieties include Shuixian, Qizhong, Meizhan, Guanyin, Xueli, Qilan, Foshou, Jin Liutiao, Jin Suoshi, Qianlixiang, Buzhichun, Bai Jiguan, Shui Jin Gui, Tie Luohan, and Bantianyao. Wuyi Rock Tea places great emphasis on “rock rhyme” (yanyun), meaning the finest quality teas are grown in rocky terrain. In contrast, Minnan Oolong tea places far less emphasis on this rock rhyme characteristic.
Generally speaking, Minbei Oolong tea should feature a distinct rock rhyme, a yellowish-green liquor, green leaves with red edges, and dark, lustrous dry tea leaves.